International Phonetic Alphabet
Consonants
Bilabial | labiodental | dental | alveolar | post-alveolar | retroflex | palatal | velar | uvular | pharyngeal | glottal | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(Oral) stop | p b | t d | ʈ ɖ | c ɟ | k g | q ɢ | ʔ | ||||
(Nasal) Stop | m | ɱ | n | ɳ | ɲ | ŋ | ɴ | ||||
trill | ʙ | r | ʀ | ||||||||
tap or flap | ɾ | ɽ | |||||||||
affricate | tʃ dʒ | ||||||||||
fricative | ɸ β | f v | θ ð | s z | ʃ ʒ | ʂ ʐ | ç ʝ | x ɣ | χ ʁ | ħ ʕ | h ɦ |
lateral fricative | ɬ ɮ | ||||||||||
approximant | w | ɹ | ɻ | j | w | ||||||
lateral approximant | l | ɭ | ʎ | ʟ |
Vowels
Front | Central | Back | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
High |
Tense |
i | u | |
Lax |
ɪ | ʊ | ||
Mid |
Tense |
e | o | |
Lax |
ə | |||
Mid |
Lax |
ɛ | ʌ | (ɔ) |
Low |
Lax |
æ | a | (ɑ) |